我国电动汽车产业扶持政策的社会效益及对策研究

论文首先对我国电动汽车产业政策进行总结,然后选择电动汽车上市公司为对象进行研究,基于2009年到2011年汽车上市公司相关数据基础上,研究汽车上市公司的企业税负和政府补贴程度,进行产业政策的社会效益评价,以期提出能促进电动汽车产业发展的相关建议。     

基于nRF905数据传输芯片的山区公路盲区弯道汇车提示系统的设计

伴随电子技术的迅速发展,智能交通技术日趋成熟,该技术以计算机及电子技术为基础,配合通讯技术,实现车辆和道路智能化。本文从硬件、软件两个方面详细阐述了公路盲区弯道汇车的设计思想及工作原理。系统主要利用微处理器STC89C52单片机为核心控制芯片,协调各部分运行。以nRF905单片射频收发器无限通信模块作为无线收发装置,用于两个单片机之间的数据无线传输。本文建立了清晰的系统主程序流程图及nRF905无线通信模块接收数据和发送数据流程图。该系统检测车辆准确,数据传输稳定,增加了山区公路盲区弯道汇车的安全性。     

小生境阶段新能源汽车企业创新路径研究——以北汽蓝谷为例

初始资源禀赋可以为企业带来相对竞争优势。而处于小生境阶段的企业面临的市场竞争风险与技术创新挑战并不会因为其初始资源禀赋而减少。如何利用好基础资源,使新能源汽车企业在重点模块上实现技术创新,是有效突破新能源汽车企业在小生境阶段发展瓶颈的重要途径。对北汽蓝谷的案例研究发现：在社会网络型资源、技术基础型资源与政策引导型资源的协同驱动下,企业集合多重资源效力进行创新资源整合,形成了创新生态系统的局部闭环,并能够通过价值链的传导实现专利技术与重点技术突破等创新模块的构建,由此形成小生境阶段企业独特的创新路径。     

英国氢流动路线图解读

英国政府2012年1月推出了"氢流动"项目,2013年2月发布了该项目第一阶段执行情况报告概要,进一步推出英国氢燃料电池汽车产业发展的路线图,对如何把英国打造成制造与使用燃料电池电动汽车(FCEVs)及支持性基础设施的全球首批重要的国家之一进行了规划。氢流动路线图涉及的主要内容有:适时调研和把握消费者对FCEVs的需求,合理规划和运作加氢基础设施,确定一种有效的组合生产方法以有效降低CO_2排放量等。通过对该路线图的内容及出台背景进行解读和分析,希望能为国内跟踪和研究国际燃料电池汽车最新发展动态的部门提供参考和借鉴。     

日本下一代汽车技术研发新动向

目前,被称为下一代汽车终极车型——零排放燃料电池车和综合运用IT系统的自动驾驶技术是日本重点推进的领域。2013年以来,由于政府的支持和几大汽车厂家的通力协作,日本燃料电池车技术研究与推广呈现全面加速的新动向:汽车厂家对燃料电池车的研发由"各自为政"转向"合作创新",燃料电池催化剂研发取得新进展,丰田、日产和本田均筹划在2015年前后推出燃料电池车,政府在税收、基础设施建设、技术标准等方面倾力支持,自动驾驶技术研发取得阶段性突破。日本政府与其汽车企业通力协作的做法,值得我们借鉴。     

Comprehensive indicators of traffic-related premature mortality

Motor vehicle circulation is associated with multiple social benefits; nevertheless, it is widely acknowledged that it also produces a variety of adverse health effects, of which the most relevant are associated with mortality from road accidents and exposure to atmospheric pollution. Though in Chile these impacts have been quantified and evaluated independently, no indicators have been developed so far to account for this activity’s global impact on public health, or to express the individual impact that can be attributed to each vehicle category. In order to fill this void, the present study aimed at designing and quantifying indicators that account for the global impact on health that different motor vehicle categories impose on Chilean society. Health impact was quantified as the number of expected premature deaths caused by road accidents and exposure to atmospheric pollutants. Total premature mortality was understood as the total annual deaths that occurred as a consequence of road accidents and the exposure to O₃ and PM_2.5 derived from traffic-related emissions of its precursors. All estimations were made considering Chile’s Metropolitan Region in 2005 as a basic scenario. Differentiated indicators were obtained for 15 vehicle categories as a function of different parameters: traveled kilometer, vehicle, and vehicle lifetime. According to our results, when the health impact of traffic accidents and exposure to traffic-related air pollution are considered simultaneously, major differences were observed with the indicators traditionally used by regulators involved in the traffic-related decision-making process. The implications of our results on risk management strategies are discussed.     

浅谈美国汽车排放缺陷召回制度

文章介绍了美国汽车排放缺陷召回制度的概况和运行情况,重点分析了缺陷召回的程序。研究美国汽车排放缺陷召回制度,对我国相关制度的建立有一定的借鉴意义。     

车联网产业及商业容量分析

为使我国车联网产业及商业有序稳步发展,研究分析其相关产业以及市场规模,有利于宏观理解车联网的市场构成及其产业链特点并发现市场中潜在的问题。通过对国内外车联网的发展现状进行对比分析,总结发达国家和地区的车联网产业发展模式以及商业结构,得出了国际上车联网发展过程中可以借鉴的经验;然后分析中国目前车联网市场的发展情况,明确车联网系统发展中面临的安全与隐私性需求、产业标准和协作整合等关键性问题,探索车联网产业和市场构成的持续性发展规划,从而使车联网产业和商业发挥网络聚集效应,扩大车联网的行业应用范围,为推动相关企业和管理部门的信息化和工业化融合发挥巨大作用。     

Selecting sustainable electric bus powertrains using multipreference evolutionary algorithms

Constant improvement of vehicle technologies towards more efficient powertrains and reduced pollutant emissions, frequently leads to the increase of the vehicle or fuel costs, compromising its viability. Multi-objective optimization methods are commonly used to solve such problems, finding optimal trade-off solutions relatively conflicting objectives. Nevertheless, vehicle driving performance, is often disregarded from the optimization process or considered only as a fixed constraint. This may raise some issues, which are discussed in this paper: (a) vehicle dynamics are not improved, (b) trade-off optimal solutions are not distinguishable, (c) interesting solutions near constraints limits won´t be considered if constraints are not marginally relaxed.

This paper proposes a method to optimize three electric-drive vehicle options for an urban bus, a battery electric (BEV), a fuel cell hybrid (FC-HEV) and a plug-in hybrid (FC-PHEV), aiming minimum carbon footprint, maximum financial indicator and simultaneously improved driving performance (speed, acceleration, and electric range). The carbon footprint is assessed by a life cycle (LC) approach, considering the impact of the fuel production and use, and vehicle embodied materials; while the financial assessment considers the vehicle and fuel costs. The spherical pruning multi-objective differential evolution algorithm (spMODE-II) is used in the optimization, considering different preference regions within the problem constraints and objectives. The vehicle solutions optimality and suitability are compared with other multi-objective algorithm, NSGA-II.

The FC-HEV achieved the lowest LC emissions (547 g/km), and the FC-PHEV the maximum financial gain (0.19 $/km), while the BEV achieved the best trade-off of solutions.     

New development: China’s debt transparency and the case of urban construction investment bonds

China’s true level of local government debt is unknown. The central government recently introduced policies to increase transparency and close some of the obscure financial instruments. Urban construction investment bonds (UCIBs) are one of the key instruments affected by these changes. Both positive and negative impacts can be expected. The issues the Chinese government is facing and its policy response provide important lessons for other governments.